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结合黄土丘陵山区地形坡度大、土质黏性大及地块分散等特征，系统分析了该地区油菜分段收获的瓶颈，即传统割晒机坡地作业效率低导致侧翻风险高；油菜品种茎秆剪切抗力强致割刀参数失配及落粒损失显著；山区地块分散使智能化成本高；漏捡与破碎高的问题。提出可采用开发折叠式割台以提升坡地通过性，基于茎秆力学数据动态调节割刀参数以降低损失，集成北斗与低成本传感器优化路径规划以控制漏捡与破碎等方案。依据黄土丘陵山区情况，指出应推进轻量化模块化设计以适配地貌、构建参数匹配库整合农户经验以推广农机共享模式、通过“地理约束(地形适应性分析)—机械优化(割晒机与脱粒机技术改进)—应用验证(田间试验与效果评估)”全链论证，为该区域油菜机械化提供理论支撑与实践路径。
Abstract：Aiming at the characteristics of steep terrain slopes,high clay content of loess soil,and scattered plots in loess hilly mountainous areas,this study systematically analyzed the bottlenecks in segmented rapeseed harvesting in this region.Traditional swathers exhibit low operational efficiency on slopes with high rollover risks;strong shear resistance of rapeseed stalks leads to cutter parameter mismatch and significant shattering losses;scattered plots in mountainous areas result in high costs for intelligent equipment;and prominent issues of missed picking and high fragmentation.Optimization solutions were proposed that developed foldable headers to enhance slope adaptability;dynamicalled adjusting cutter parameters based on stalk mechanical data to reduce losses;integrated BeiDou navigation with low-cost sensors for optimized path planning to control missed picking and fragmentation.To address regional conditions,recommendations emphasized advancing lightweight modular designs for terrain compatibility,building parameter-matching databases incorporating farmers expertise to promote shared agricultural machinery models,and implementing a comprehensive verification chain of "geographical constraints (terrain adaptability analysis)-mechanical optimization (technical improvements of swathers and threshers)-application validation (field trials and efficacy evaluation)" to provide theoretical and practical foundations for mechanized rapeseed production in loess hilly-mountainous regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S225
引用信息:
[1]连潇,王建吉,敬志臣.黄土丘陵山区油菜分段收获关键技术及发展研究[J].现代农业装备,2025,46(03):33-37.
基金信息:
农业农村部西北饲草全程机械化科研试验基地建设项目(2024-620000-020902); 庆阳市重点研发计划-农业类项目(QY-STK-2023A-080); 甘肃省教育厅-高校教师创新基金项目(2025B-220); 2024年庆阳市科技计划联合科研基金专项-一般项目(QY-STK-2024A-057)